蓝碳：缓解气候和生物多样性危机的挑战和机遇

蓝碳生态系统是一种基于自然的解决方案，可以帮助缓解气候和生物多样性危机，同时稳定生计、保护海岸并支持其他社会需求，例如海洋带来的粮食安全。EMB 政策简报第 11 号描述了蓝碳生态系统的不同类型和好处，并讨论了作为气候变化解决方案保护和恢复蓝碳生态系统的不确定性和挑战。该文件还强调了海洋通过碳循环在缓解气候变化方面的更广泛作用，并以关键的研究和管理建议作为结尾。

气候变化和生物多样性丧失是人类面临的两大挑战。蓝碳，即海洋生物和生态系统捕获和储存的碳，有可能帮助缓解这两个挑战，因为对碳封存至关重要的海洋生态系统往往也拥有丰富的生物多样性。因此，扩大和保护蓝碳生态系统已被提议作为一种基于自然的解决方案，以补充陆地上的气候变化缓解努力并保护和恢复海洋生物多样性。此外，保护和重建蓝碳生态系统可以稳定生计、保护海岸并支持其他社会需求，例如从海洋中获取食物。

然而，蓝碳生态系统作为一种基于自然的解决方案的有效性取决于可用空间和生态系统生产力，而这些可能会受到气候变化的影响。此外，蓝碳生态系统的整体碳封存潜力较低，只有在严格限制排放后，它们对气候稳定的贡献才会显著。因此，大幅减少温室气体排放，将全球变暖控制在比工业化前水平高出 1.5°C 左右，对于维持蓝碳生态系统作为一种基于自然的解决方案的健康和长期功能至关重要。

本文件介绍了蓝碳生态系统的示例和好处，并讨论了使用蓝碳生态系统作为气候变化解决方案的不确定性和挑战。它还强调了海洋通过碳循环在缓解气候变化方面发挥的更广泛作用，最后提出了关键的研究和管理建议。

EMB_PB11_Blue_Carbon_Web.pdf   下载链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1TrneK5QfhMnM3qf8Y9VY6w     HYZY

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英文原文：

Blue Carbon: Challenges and opportunities to mitigate the climate and biodiversity crises

Blue Carbon ecosystems are a Nature-based Solution that can help mitigate the climate and biodiversity crises, while stabilising livelihoods, protecting coasts, and supporting other societal needs such as food security from the Ocean. EMB Policy Brief No. 11 describes different types and benefits of Blue Carbon ecosystems, and discusses uncertainties and challenges for the conservation and restoration of Blue Carbon ecosystems as a climate change solution. The document also highlights the wider role of the Ocean in mitigating climate change through the carbon cycle, and closes with key research and management recommendations.

Climate change and biodiversity loss are two of humanity’s greatest challenges. Blue carbon, i.e. the carbon captured and stored by marine living organisms and ecosystems, has the potential to help mitigate both challenges, because marine ecosystems that are important for sequestering carbon often also harbour rich biodiversity. Expanding and protecting Blue Carbon ecosystems has therefore been proposed as a Nature-based Solution to complement climate change mitigation efforts on land and to protect and restore marine biodiversity. In addition, securing and rebuilding Blue Carbon ecosystems can stabilise livelihoods, protect coasts, and support other societal needs such as food provision from the Ocean.

However, the effectiveness of Blue Carbon ecosystems as a Nature-based Solution depends on the available space and ecosystem productivity, which can be impacted by climate change. Moreover, the overall carbon sequestration potential of Blue Carbon ecosystems is low and their contribution to climate stabilisation will only be significant once emissions are strongly limited. Therefore, a drastic reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to keep global warming close to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels is essential to maintain the health and long-term functionality of Blue Carbon ecosystems as a Nature-based Solution.

This document describes examples and benefits of Blue Carbon ecosystems, and discusses uncertainties and challenges for using Blue Carbon ecosystem as a climate change solution. It also highlights the wider role of the Ocean in mitigating climate change through the carbon cycle, and closes with key research and management recommendations.